Understanding Factors Influencing Primary School Enrolment in Nigeria: Evidence from 1980 to 2021

Abstract

This paper delves into the concerning decline in school enrolment rates among school-aged children in Nigeria despite government efforts to promote education. Specifically focusing on primary education, the study aims to identify the key factors influencing the demand for primary education in Nigeria from 1980 to 2021. Utilizing the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and multiple regression models, the research examines various determinants of primary school enrolment. The empirical investigation reveals that government expenditure on education, minimum wage rates, and primary school student-teacher ratios significantly impact primary school enrolment rates in Nigeria. Notably, the findings highlight the importance of adequate government investment in education, as well as the need for equitable wage policies to support families in sending their children to school. Additionally, the study underscores the significance of maintaining favorable student-teacher ratios to enhance the quality of education and attract more students to enrol in primary schools. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the predictive power of the exogenous variables in explaining variations in primary enrolment rates. This underscores the importance of considering a range of socio-economic factors when formulating education policies and initiatives aimed at increasing school enrolment. Based on the findings, the paper recommends the implementation of periodic reviews of minimum wage rates to ensure they remain conducive to supporting families' ability to afford education. Moreover, it suggests fostering effective collaboration between the government and the private sector to bolster efforts in promoting education and addressing the challenges associated with declining school enrolment. This research provides valuable insights into the factors influencing primary education demand in Nigeria and offers practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to address the persistent decline in school enrolment rates and promote inclusive and accessible education for all children.