Economic Activity, Carbon Emissions, and Health Outcomes: A Cross-National Study of OIC and Non-OIC Countries

Abstract

This research examines foreign direct investment, carbon emission and public health outcomes of 30+ OIC and Non-OIC countries from 2000 to 2024. The research will try to give a better understanding of the linkages between important economic and environmental variables and health indicators like infant mortality, life expectancy and educational achievement. In addition to giving empirical results, the study also includes a review of theoretical and applied literature addressing the issues of health challenges experienced by developing and emerging nations. The analysis starts with an explanation of the role of foreign direct investment, economic growth, urbanisation, renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions in determining public health conditions. It then synthesises existing knowledge from a theoretical and empirical approach in order to emphasise relationships already found and gaps in current knowledge. The study also goes on to explain the connections between foreign direct investment, economic activity, environmental degradation, demographic change and the use of renewable energy and its effect on health outcomes in countries. By summarising and comparing the findings from available studies in the research, it adds more information about the influences of economic and environmental factors on public health in selected OIC and non-OIC nations. In doing so, it also highlights areas in which there is further investigation to be done, giving direction to future research interested in examining the relationship between foreign investment, environmental conditions, and health indicators. Overall, the study advances the literature by conceptualising several dimensions that together contribute to the performance of public health in different economic settings.