A Discussion on Innovative Techniques for Improving Soil Load-Bearing Capacity

Abstract

Soil often exhibits fragility and low stability under heavy loading conditions, posing significant challenges in construction and engineering projects. The objective of this study is to review various sustainable methods for soil stabilization, with a focus on enhancing the durability and load-bearing capacity of expansive soils. Several approaches are available for soil stabilization, including soil replacement, chemical additives, moisture control, rewetting, surcharge loading, compaction control, and thermal methods. Each of these methods has its own set of disadvantages, often related to their effectiveness and cost. The method of soil replacement involves removing the unstable soil and replacing it with more stable material. While this can be effective, it is often labor-intensive and costly. Chemical additives, such as lime and fly ash, can significantly improve soil stability by altering the soil's chemical properties, making it more cohesive and less prone to expansion and contraction. Moisture control methods, including rewetting and drying cycles, aim to manage the water content in the soil to prevent excessive expansion and shrinkage. Surcharge loading applies additional weight to the soil to accelerate consolidation and settlement, but this process can be time-consuming. Compaction control increases soil density and strength through mechanical means, while thermal methods involve heating the soil to enhance its properties. Despite the potential of these methods, they often come with limitations. High costs and variable effectiveness can make some of these stabilization techniques impractical for widespread use. However, based on a review of the literature, several materials have emerged as both cost-effective and efficient for soil stabilization. Portland cement, for instance, is widely used due to its availability and ability to significantly improve soil strength. Similarly, scrap tires can be repurposed as a sustainable stabilization material, providing an environmentally friendly solution to soil instability. Lime and fly ash are also noted for their cost-effectiveness and ability to enhance soil properties, making them suitable for various applications. This study aims to highlight these sustainable stabilization methods, emphasizing their benefits and potential drawbacks. By focusing on materials and techniques that are both affordable and effective, the research seeks to provide practical solutions for improving soil stability. The use of Portland cement, scrap tires, lime, and fly ash not only offers a means of stabilizing expansive soils but also promotes sustainability by utilizing recycled and readily available materials. These methods can be particularly valuable in regions where traditional stabilization techniques are either too costly or impractical.