Evaluating Energy Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of Pulses Production Systems in Iran

Abstract

This study evaluates energy dynamics in agroecosystems by comparing bean, lentil, irrigated chickpea, and dryland chickpea farms. The analysis focuses on energy efficiency, productivity, benefit-to-cost ratio, and renewable energy use. Data were collected through surveys from farmers cultivating these crops. The results reveal significant differences in energy requirements and input distribution across the examined farms. Direct, indirect, renewable, and non-renewable energy sources contribute differently to each crop, affecting overall energy consumption. Energy use efficiency findings indicate that dryland chickpea is the most efficient, requiring lower energy inputs while yielding higher efficiency. The benefit-to-cost ratio further supports dryland chickpea's economic viability compared to other crops. Among irrigated crops, bean demonstrates superior energy efficiency and profitability. The study suggests that prioritizing dryland chickpea can enhance sustainability by reducing energy consumption while maintaining economic benefits. Additionally, bean presents a viable option among irrigated crops due to its efficiency and profitability. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing energy use in agriculture, assisting farmers and policymakers in developing strategies for sustainable crop production. By adopting energy-efficient farming practices, agricultural stakeholders can improve productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to enhance renewable energy use and sustainable agricultural practices. Policymakers should consider promoting dryland chickpea cultivation as a strategic option to improve food security while ensuring sustainable resource utilization. Understanding the energy dynamics of different crops allows for more informed decisions, contributing to long-term agricultural sustainability and economic stability.