Assessing the Impact of Small-Scale Irrigation on Food Security in Gorogutu District, Ethiopia

Abstract

The expansion of small-scale irrigation plays a crucial role in fostering sustainable agriculture and enhancing food security in Ethiopia, particularly in regions like Gorogutu district. Recognizing the importance of irrigation in addressing low agricultural productivity, numerous small-scale irrigation schemes have been developed across the country, including in Gorogutu district. This study aims to assess the contribution of small-scale irrigation to household food security in Gorogutu district. Data were collected from 180 farm households residing around two small-scale irrigation schemes located in different PAs of Gorogutu district. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to select the sample households, and both primary and secondary data were utilized for analysis. The primary data, gathered through structured questionnaires, were supplemented by secondary data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing food security. The analysis employed both descriptive statistics and an econometric model, specifically a Binary Logit model, to explore the determinants of household food security. The results of the Binary Logit model revealed several significant factors influencing food security, including the use of irrigation water, family size in AE (agricultural equivalent), off/non-farm income, total farm income, and livestock holding. Notably, the study found that the utilization of small-scale irrigation schemes significantly increases the probability of farm households being food secure, with a marginal effect indicating a 48% increase in the likelihood of food security among households utilizing irrigation. These findings underscore the substantial contribution of irrigation to household food security in Gorogutu district and emphasize the importance of integrating small-scale irrigation initiatives into broader food security interventions. This study highlights the critical role of small-scale irrigation in enhancing household food security and underscores the need for sustainable interventions that prioritize the expansion and improvement of irrigation infrastructure. By investing in small-scale irrigation and promoting efficient water use practices, policymakers and stakeholders can work towards ensuring sustainable food security and fostering agricultural development in Ethiopia's rural areas, including Gorogutu district.